Amazônia National Park and Manaus birding

Day 1: Manaus – Musa tower – Novo Airão.
This morning after breakfast you will be picked up by your guide to explore the Musa Tower area for the day. Established in January 2009, Musa spans 100 hectares of the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, managed by the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) in Manaus. This section of native upland forest has been the focus of dedicated research for over 60 years, with extensive studies resulting in detailed catalogues covering plants, birds, frogs, and other species. Visitors can access this incredible biodiversity firsthand. A 250-meter trail leads to the MUSA tower, where many bird species may be spotted along the way. The tower itself stands 42 meters tall, featuring three platforms at varying heights, offering unparalleled views of the canopy—a prime location for observing and photographing Amazonian bird species in their natural habitat. This is an exceptional spot for birders seeking to encounter unique canopy-dwelling birds of the Amazon rainforest.

Here is a short list of bird species you might encounter: Black Nunbird, Chapman’s Swift, Guianan Puffbird, Yellow-green Grosbeak, Black-spotted Barbet, Red-throated Caracara, Black-bellied Cuckoo, Pompadour Cotinga, Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper, Golden-sided Euphonia, Guianan Woodcreeper, Paradise Jacamar, Red-fan Parrot, Dusky Parrot, Golden-collared Woodpecker, Caica Parrot, Guianan Toucanet, Green Aracari, Painted Tody-Flycatcher, Glossy-backed Becard, Spotted Tanager, and more. Along the route from the entrance to the tower and back, it’s possible to spot understory birds such as the Fulvous Shrike-Tanager, Ferruginous-backed Antbird, and others. Depending on the season, Red-lored Parrots may also be seen flying overhead.

The MUSA Tower is primarily a birdwatching hotspot, but it also offers opportunities to observe several Amazonian mammals in the surrounding forest. While mammals are generally more elusive than birds, visitors to the MUSA Tower can spot or hear a variety of species including: Red Howler Monkey, Guianan Squirrel Monkey, Brown Capuchin Monkey, Red-rumped Agouti and sometimes even Brazilian Porcupine, though they are nocturnal.

After visiting MUSA Tower, lunch is followed by a transfer to Novo Airão, a journey of approximately 200 kilometres (about three hours). If time allows in the afternoon, there may be opportunities for birding. Novo Airão, known for its proximity to the Rio Negro and lush forest habitats, offers a chance to encounter a variety of species, including riverine and forest-dwelling birds.

After an exciting first day of birding in Brazil, a delicious dinner awaits, offering a perfect opportunity to relax and reflect on the day’s sightings. The evening will end with a retreat to comfortable rooms for a well-deserved, restful night, preparing for more birding adventures ahead.

Day 2: Novo Airão – Anavilhanas National Park.
Following an early breakfast, morning and afternoon birding sessions in Novo Airão (Anavilhanas National Park) will centre around the unique specialties of igapó, the seasonally flooded forests nourished by blackwater. Birders can expect a rich array of species that thrive in these distinctive habitats. Most birding activities will take place on a boat, providing an excellent vantage point for observing the diverse avian life along the waterways and within the lush surroundings.

Anavilhanas National Park is home to the world’s second-largest fluvial archipelago, the Anavilhanas Archipelago, with over 340 islands. Declared a conservation unit in October 2008, the park spans 350,000 hectares, with about 70% of the area consisting of upland forests and the remaining 30% comprising Igapó forests and islands. Situated on the left bank of the Rio Negro, this protected area not only safeguards the archipelago itself but also extensive stretches of terra firme forests. The 100,000-hectare archipelago is dominated by Igapó, a seasonally flooded forest that thrives in nutrient-poor blackwater conditions, creating a unique and rich ecosystem.

Home to countless species of remarkable birds, the area boasts beautiful sightings such as the Ornate Hawk-Eagle, Wire-tailed Manakin, Band-tailed Nighthawk, Long-billed Woodcreeper, Amazonian Umbrellabird, Green-tailed Jacamar,  Speckled Spinetail, Lafresnaye’s Piculet, Cream-colored Woodpecker, Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant,  Festive Parrot, Leaden Antwren, Rio Negro Ash-breasted Antbird, Cherrie’s Antwren, Black-crested Antshrike, Klages’s Antwren, Varzea Schiffornis, Blackish-gray Antshrike, Yellow-crowned Elaenia, Brown-headed Greenlet,  Streak-throated Hermit, and many more. In addition to some challenging species mentioned, there may be opportunities to test our luck in finding the Crested Eagle or even the Crestless Curassow.

Novo Airão supports a rich diversity of mammals. Here are some mammals that might be seen in the region: Giant Otter, Neotropical River Otter, Capybara, Paca, White-lipped Peccary, Golden-handed Tamarin and Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth. The Amazon River Dolphin, also known as the Pink Dolphin, is often spotted in the blackwater rivers and channels of Anavilhanas. The Tucuxi Dolphin, a smaller river dolphin, is a rare and exciting find, if we are fortunate enough.

After an exciting day uncovering the unique wonders of Brazil’s igapó forests, guests return to the lodge for a well-earned meal and an overnight rest. This quiet retreat offers time to reflect on the day’s birding discoveries and recharge for the next day’s adventures.

Day 3: Novo Airão.
Breakfast will be followed by morning and afternoon birding sessions, with a focus on the captivating Terra Firme birds of Novo Airão. This unique habitat, characterized by the Amazon Rainforest that remains unaffected by seasonal floods, is home to a variety of species that thrive in its rich, diverse ecosystem.

Here are a few of the birds to look out for in the Terra Firme Forest birding: White-chested, White-necked and Brown-banded Puffbird. Black-necked Red-Cotinga and Chestnut-belted Gnateater. Black-banded, Napo, Duida and Northern Ocellated Woodcreeper. Zimmer’s Scythebill, White-winged and Rufous Potoo. Maroon-tailed Parakeet, Collared Gnatwren, Black-headed and Orange-cheeked Parrot. Tawny-tufted Toucanet, White-cheeked and Yellow-browed Antbird, Negro Stipplethroat, Chestnut-crested Antbird, Pearly Antshrike, Reddish-winged Bare-eye, and Imeri Wren.

In the Terra Firme forests of Anavilhanas National Park, some of the mammals that may be encountered include: Brown-throated Sloth, Southern Tamandua (Lesser Anteater), Common Opossum, Red Howler Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Capuchin Monkey, Pygmy Marmoset, Brazilian Porcupine, Tayra, Collared Peccary, Agouti and Paca. Many of these mammals are elusive and require patience to observe, particularly in the dense forest habitat.

Tonight promises another delightful dining experience at the overnight accommodation, where a delicious meal awaits. This is an opportunity to savor local flavors and reflect on the day’s birding adventures in a relaxed atmosphere.

Day 4: Novo Airão – Manacapuru.
After a scrumptious breakfast, the day continues with a morning birding before transferring to Manacapuru, an approximately one-hour journey covering 90 kilometers. This area offers rich birding opportunities in the afternoon, where the diverse habitats provide chances to spot a variety of species.

In Manacapuru, lodging will be at a weekend waterpark, a venue that is best visited during weekdays to avoid the crowds. The accommodation is comfortable and offers easy access to trails that can be explored in the morning or evening. These trails wind through diverse habitats, providing excellent opportunities for birdwatchers to discover a range of species in the lush surroundings, making for an enriching birding experience.

Some of the species to look for include the Gilded Barbet, White-chested Puffbird, Black-necked Red-Cotinga, Olive-capped Foliage-gleaner, Northern Ocellated Woodcreeper, Rufous-tailed Xenops, Orange-cheeked Parrot, Blue-crowned Manakin, Brownish Twistwing, Maroon-tailed Parakeet, Negro Stipplethroat, Ivory-billed Aracari, Yellow-browed Antbird, White-cheeked Antbird, Reddish-winged Bare-eye, Wing-banded Wren, Collared Puffbird and Fiery Topaz. Many of these species are extremely rare or challenging to spot, so hoping for ant swarms and mixed flocks will enhance the chances of successful sightings.

Among the remarkable mammals that might be encountered are Red Howler Monkey, whose deep, booming calls resonate through the forest canopy, often heard before they are seen, the South American Coati, Brazilian Tapir and Collared Peccary. These encounters provide a deeper glimpse into the rich biodiversity of the Amazon’s ecosystems.

After another fabulous day of birding, a return to the comfortable lodge awaits, providing a chance to compile lists and reflect on the day’s remarkable sightings. A mouthwatering meal will be served, offering a perfect opportunity to savor local cuisine and share highlights from the day. This relaxing evening sets the stage for a restful night, ensuring everyone is rejuvenated and ready for more birding adventures ahead.

Day 5: Manacapuru – Manaus.
On the final morning of birding here, the day will begin with a lovely breakfast before setting off for morning exploration. Birding will take place around the lodge, where trails wind through a well-preserved patch of Terra Firme Forest. This area boasts numerous fruit trees, attracting a vibrant concentration of Tanagers and Cotingas during the fruiting season. The rich biodiversity of the forest offers a unique opportunity to spot a variety of species as they feed and forage in this lush habitat.

The journey to Manaus will take approximately two hours, covering 130 kilometers, with a planned stop for quick afternoon birding in Porto de Iranduba, a riverside city. This stop offers a great opportunity to search for the elusive Sand-colored Nighthawk and a variety of marsh birds that inhabit the area. The rich habitats along the river provide ideal conditions for spotting these species, adding excitement to the transfer as the exploration continues.

Upon checking in to the accommodation, there’s time to settle in and relax before gathering for a delicious dinner. The evening provides an opportunity to unwind and reflect on the day’s birding experiences. Afterward, a restful night awaits, offering the chance to recharge for the birding explorations ahead.

Day 6: Manaus – Marchantaria Island.
The day kicks off with an early breakfast, setting the stage for an exciting morning of birding along the Solimões River in the heart of Amazonas, Brazil. This section of the Amazon is known for its rich tropical rainforest ecosystem, which supports a vibrant variety of birdlife. Marchantaria Island, located about an hour upriver, is one of the Amazon’s most diverse bird habitats. Its blend of regenerating ecosystems creates the perfect environment for spotting várzea birds, species uniquely adapted to the seasonally flooded forests.

The Solimões River, which forms part of the upper Amazon River in Brazil, is home to a wide variety of mammals, particularly those adapted to riverine and rainforest ecosystems. Some of the mammals commonly seen along the Solimões River include: Amazon River Dolphin Also known as the pink river dolphin, it is one of the most iconic species in the region, Giant Otter, Capybara, Brown Capuchin Monkey and South American Coati.

The morning will be spent birding on Marchantaria Island and two neighboring islands in the Solimões River. These islands are hotspots for riverine species, offering a unique opportunity to observe birds that thrive in this dynamic whitewater ecosystem. The ever-changing landscape makes these islands an exceptional destination for birdwatchers seeking rare and specialized species.

The focus will be on island specialities, including species like the Red-and-white Spinetail and Ladder-tailed Nightjar, Long-billed and Zimmer’s Woodcreeper. Other key targets include Lesser Hornero, Parker’s Spinetail, White-bellied Spinetail, Dark-breasted Spinetail, Oriole Blackbird, Yellow-hooded Blackbird, and Russet-backed Oropendola. Additionally, species such as Festive Parrot, Lafresnaye’s Piculet, Tui Parakeet, Black-and-white Antbird, Short-tailed Parrot, and Castelnau’s Antshrike add to the diversity. Keep an eye out for the Dull-capped Attila, Pearly-breasted Conebill, Brownish Elaenia, River Tyrannulet, Riverside Tyrant, Red-billed Scythebill and Spot-breasted Woodpecker. Though difficult to find, two hummingbird species— Olive-spotted Hummingbird and Green-throated Mango—are also within range.

Following a productive birding session, a return to the hotel after lunch provides a well-deserved rest, allowing time to recharge for the next day’s adventures. The afternoon offers a moment to reflect on the morning’s sightings while enjoying the comfort of the accommodation.

Dinner will be served, offering a chance to update the growing trip list and review the day’s birding highlights. A good night’s rest follows, providing much-needed relaxation in preparation for the next day’s exploration.

Day 7: Manaus – ZF-2 Tower – Presidente Figueiredo.
After a quick breakfast, the day of birding begins with an early departure to the renowned ZF-2 Tower for morning birdwatching. Standing over 40 meters tall and situated 50 kilometers north of Manaus, this tower provides an exceptional vantage point for exploring the canopy. Birders can expect to encounter a myriad of surprises, as this prime location offers opportunities to observe diverse species that thrive in the upper layers of the rainforest.

The possibilities for birdwatching here are endless. A few of the birds that could be spotted include the Ornate Hawk-Eagle, White Hawk, Chapman’s Swift, Black-spotted Barbet, Guianan Puffbird, Pompadour Cotinga, Black-bellied Cuckoo,  Black Curassow, Golden-sided Euphonia, Yellow-billed and Paradise Jacamar, Red-billed Woodcreeper, White-fronted Manakin,  Golden-collared Woodpecker, Green Aracari, Dusky Parrot, Ash-winged and Spot-backed Antwren Painted Tody-Flycatcher, Short-billed Honeycreeper, Todd’s Sirystes, Spotted, Paradise, and Opal-rumped Tanager, Guianan Trogon among many others.   

In addition to these species, it’s worth keeping an eye out for larger hawks or parrots flying overhead, as there’s a chance to see Black-faced Hawk, Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet, or even the majestic Harpy Eagle soaring above. Other elusive birds to watch for, albeit with a lower chance of sighting, include the Guianan Red-Cotinga, Musician Wren, Spotted Antpitta, Guianan Gnatcatcher and Olive-green Tyrannulet.

Keep an eye out for the Guianan Spider Monkey, one of the most acrobatic primates in the Amazon. The Guianan Bearded Saki is another intriguing primate, distinguished by its thick, shaggy coat and prominent beard.

Also, watch for Brown Capuchin, and the elusive Pied Tamarin, one of the most endangered primates in the region found primarily in limited areas of the Amazon.

After visiting the ZF-2 Tower, the journey continues with a transfer to Presidente Figueiredo, approximately two hours and 130 kilometers away. If time permits, an afternoon of birding awaits, offering the chance to explore this rich and diverse area.

Upon arrival, check into the lodge, where comfortable accommodations await. A hearty dinner will provide the perfect opportunity to reflect on the day’s adventures before retiring for the night.  

Day 8-9: Presidente Figueiredo.
After an early breakfast, the morning and afternoon will be dedicated to exploring the rich birdlife in Presidente Figueiredo. This area, where we will be based for the next two days, is known for its lush forests and diverse species, offers an exciting opportunity to encounter a variety of Amazonian birds in their natural habitat. With the vibrant sounds of the forest as a backdrop, the day promises to reveal some remarkable sightings, particularly among the trails and waterways that make this region so special for birders.

Presidente Figueiredo, located 100 km north of Manaus, is a birding haven distinguished by its rugged terrain and natural beauty. This region boasts over 50 waterfalls and is renowned as the habitat of the striking Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock. The area offers the chance to witness this spectacular species in its lek, where males display their vivid plumage in a ritual dance to attract mates. Accommodations will be in a charming, comfortable lodge, conveniently situated just a 10-minute walk from the Cock-of-the-Rock’s display arena, providing excellent access to this birding highlight.

Beyond the iconic Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock, many other exciting bird species await discovery in Presidente Figueiredo. Among the highlights to keep an eye out for are the Spotted Puffbird, White-chinned Swift, Chestnut-belted Gnateater, Black Curassow, Capuchinbird, Marail Guan, Lined Forest-Falcon and Curve-billed Scythebill. There’s also the chance to spot species like the Riverside Warbler, Rufous-tailed Xenops, Moriche Oriole, Ruddy Spinetail, Bronzy and Yellow-billed Jacamar.

Additional noteworthy species include the Tiny Tyrant-Manakin, White-fronted and Yellow-crowned Manikin, Saffron-crested Tyrant-Manikin, and Undulated Piculet. The Green Aracari, Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet and Painted Parakeet are also possibilities. For those in search of even more elusive species, keep watch for Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant, Pelzeln’s Tody-Tyrant, and the haunting call of the Guianan Screech-Owl.

Presidente Figueiredo is also home to various secretive Antbirds and other species, including the Black-throated Antshrike, Brown-bellied Stipplethroat, White-plumed and Rufous-throated Antbird. There’s always the hope of encountering the Dusky Purpletuft, Fulvous Shrike-Tanager, and Ferruginous-backed Antbird. Birders may also glimpse the Wing-banded Wren and Crimson Topaz.

While these birds pose significant challenges, the effort will be well worth it. For the truly lucky, species like the Gray-winged Trumpeter, Plumbeous Euphonia, Olive-green Tyrannulet, Guianan Gnatcatcher might make a rare appearance.

There is also a chance to encounter a fascinating array of wildlife, including Golden-handed Tamarin, Giant Anteater, Golden-faced Saki, Guianan Red Howler Monkey and Common Red Brocket, a shy forest deer, can occasionally be spotted quietly foraging in the underbrush. Each of these species adds to the richness of the wildlife experience, showcasing the diversity of the region.

After a rewarding day of birding, the evening will be spent returning to the comfort of the lodge. It’s the perfect time to update species lists and reflect on the day’s sightings, followed by a well-deserved, delicious dinner before settling in for a restful night.

Day 10: Presidente Figueiredo – Manaus.
This morning after breakfast, will be dedicated to the last birding in Presidente Figueiredo to add any species we possibly missed, before transferring to Manaus, a journey of approximately two hours covering 140 kilometers. The drive from Presidente Figueiredo to Manaus offers a scenic journey through the heart of the Amazonian landscape. As the road winds southward, dense tropical forests stretch out on either side, showcasing the rich biodiversity of the region. Occasional clearings reveal small villages, adding a glimpse of local life in this remote area. The terrain varies from rugged hills to stretches of pristine forest, with the possibility of spotting wildlife along the way. As Manaus approaches, the vastness of the rainforest gives way to the urban outskirts, marking the transition from wilderness to the bustling gateway of the Amazon.

If time permits in the afternoon, there will be another opportunity for birding, exploring the region’s diverse avian species and enjoying the rich natural surroundings.

Upon arrival at the lodge, settle in and unwind in preparation for a delicious dinner. The evening provides the perfect opportunity to relax and recharge after a day of adventure before retiring for a restful night’s sleep in the comfort of the lodge.

Day 11: Manaus – Itaituba – Amazônia NP.
After breakfast, a flight to Itaituba sets the stage for an exciting adventure, followed by a scenic transfer to a cozy pousada situated near the vast expanse of Amazônia National Park, covering approximately 60 kilometers over two hours. If time permits, the afternoon offers an excellent opportunity for birding, providing the chance to explore the vibrant ecosystems that surround the lodge and discover an array of avian species native to this rich habitat.

Tonight marks the arrival at the pousada, which will serve as the base for the next four days of exhilarating birding in Amazônia National Park. Nestled amid the lush rainforest, this cozy accommodation provides a perfect blend of comfort and proximity to exceptional birding hotspots. After updating bird lists and relishing a hearty supper featuring local flavors, a restful night’s sleep will be essential to recharge for the exciting avian encounters ahead. Each dawn in this biodiverse region promises the thrill of spotting rare species and experiencing the rich tapestry of life that thrives in one of the world’s most vital ecosystems.

Day 12-15: Amazônia National Park.
Amazônia National Park, nestled between the Tapajós and Madeira Rivers and intersected by the famous Transamazônica road (BR-230), is a prime destination for birdwatchers seeking endemic species unique to the Brazilian Amazon. At dawn, especially during specific seasons, the road can come alive with large flocks of parrots, offering a spectacular sight.

The park predominantly features Terra Firme Forest, interspersed with ecological trails perfect for birdwatching. These trails often lead to small streams, known as igarapés, where various bird species thrive in the lush, humid environment. The pousada, ideally located by the banks of the Tapajós River, serves as a comfortable base for exploration. One morning or afternoon will be dedicated to birding by boat, targeting island specialties and water-associated birds.

Moreover, the Transamazônica road presents excellent opportunities to observe birds feeding in the fruit-laden trees along its edges. While the occasional dust from traffic during dry periods may be a minor inconvenience, it does not diminish the excellent chances of spotting remarkable avian species in this biodiverse habitat.

The primary focus in this area will be on rare and range-restricted birds, including the Alta Floresta Antpitta, Brown-chested Barbet, Vulturine Parrot, Harlequin Antbird, and Golden Parakeet. While the Barbet is somewhat easier to locate, the other targets are notoriously elusive, requiring dedicated effort to find. Spotting more than half of these species would be a significant achievement.

Additional species of interest include the White-crested Guan, Snow-capped Manakin, Broad-billed Motmot, Crimson-bellied Parakeet, Blue-cheeked Jacamar, Black-bellied Gnateater, Gould’s Toucanet, Plain-colored Woodcreeper, Flame-crowned Manakin, Natterer’s Slaty-Antshrike, Spix’s Warbling-Antbird, Banded Antbird, Collared Puffbird, Needle-billed Hermit, and the Cryptic Forest-Falcon.

With a bit of luck, Green-winged Trumpeters may also be encountered, along with the elusive Wing-banded Antbird and the secretive Tapajos Antpitta. The exceedingly rare Pale-faced Bare-eye could potentially be spotted. An ant swarm could greatly facilitate locating these birds.  

During a brief boat ride from the pousada, the main target will be the Blackish-gray Antshrike, which represents a distinct population soon to be classified separately. Other species that may be observed from the boat include the Amazonian Streaked Antwren, Amazonian Inezia, and Band-tailed Nighthawk, among others.

There will also be an opportunity to see the following mammals: Lowland Tapir, Giant Otter, White-lipped Peccary, Giant Anteater, Brown-throated Sloth, Tufted Capuchin, White-nosed Saki, Black Howler Monkey, Hoffmann’s Titi Monkey, Humboldt’s White-fronted Capuchin and Black and White Tassel-ear Marmoset.

Day 16: Amazônia NP – Itaituba – Manaus.
After savoring the final breakfast in this magnificent national park, preparations will begin for the last leg of this remarkable journey.

Depending on the flight schedule, an opportunity for morning birding may arise, providing a chance to search for any missing species before departing. Afterward, a transfer to Itaituba, approximately two hours away by road, leads to the airport for the next flight to Manaus. The journey offers a final chance to spot more birds in diverse habitats along the way, ensuring that every moment is maximized for birdwatching experiences before returning to the bustling city of Manaus.

The final dinner provides a wonderful opportunity to reflect on the remarkable experiences shared throughout the birding journey. As stories of unforgettable encounters and newly spotted species are exchanged, the excitement of each day’s adventure comes flooding back. Updating the trip lists adds a sense of accomplishment, celebrating the diversity of birds observed in this stunning country. Resting well after an evening filled with camaraderie and memories, the sense of fulfillment lingers, marking the end of a truly fabulous adventure in this vibrant and extraordinary destination.

Day 17: Manaus – Departure.
The morning, after enjoying a scrumptious breakfast, offers an opportunity for birding in Manaus, exploring the vibrant avian life of this dynamic city. This final birding session allows for the chance to spot unique species before departing for various destinations. As the sun rises, the rich sounds of the rainforest and urban habitats provide an exciting backdrop for birdwatching, making it a fitting conclusion to an unforgettable birding adventure.

Depending on the departure flight schedules, a transfer to the airport will be arranged. As the adventure comes to a close, the anticipation of future travels and birdwatching excursions may linger, leaving lasting memories of this remarkable destination.