North-East Brazil Birding tour

Day 1: Fortaleza – Icapuí.
Upon arrival at Fortaleza Airport, the journey begins with a scenic transfer to Icapuí, approximately a 3-hour drive covering 210 kilometres. In the afternoon, there will be time for birding, exploring the diverse coastal habitats and discovering some of the region’s unique bird species. This introduction to Icapuí’s natural beauty sets the tone for an immersive birding experience.

Icapuí, located on the eastern edge of Ceará near the Rio Grande do Norte border, is a coastal city traditionally known for its thriving lobster fishing industry, a vital source of income for the local community. However, overfishing by large commercial vessels has put pressure on these natural resources, gradually reshaping the region’s economic landscape. Despite these challenges, Icapuí offers a comfortable climate, particularly in the evenings, with cooling winds that enhance the city’s laid-back atmosphere. For birdwatchers, these windswept shores and coastal habitats provide excellent opportunities to observe a variety of bird species amidst the changing tides of local life.

The primary target species in this mangrove area is the elusive Little Wood Rail. While exploring this unique habitat, birders can also encounter the Bicolored Conebill and the Mangrove Rail, both well-adapted to this coastal environment. Additionally, the area is abundant with Tropical Mockingbirds, providing excellent opportunities for those yet to observe this widespread species. The mangroves offer a rich diversity of birdlife, making it an essential stop for birdwatchers seeking coastal and mangrove specialities.

In the area, possible mammal encounters include the Common Opossum, known for its adaptability and nocturnal habits; the Crab-eating Fox, a cunning forager often seen near water sources; and the Common Marmoset, a small, social primate frequently spotted in tree canopies.

After an exciting first day of birding in Brazil, the group gathers to enjoy a shared dinner, reflecting on the day’s sightings and beginning to compile the trip list. The evening winds down with time to relax before retiring to the rooms for a restful night, ready to continue the adventure the following day.

Day 2: Icapuí – Guaramiranga – Maciço de Baturité.
After breakfast, there’s an opportunity for morning birding in Icapuí, if necessary, to find any missed target species. The journey then continues with a scenic 4-hour transfer, covering 240 kilometres, to Guaramiranga. Upon arrival, birding will resume for the remainder of the day, exploring the rich montane forests of this region, home to a variety of endemic and sought-after species. This change in habitat promises exciting birding opportunities, offering a contrast to the coastal environment of Icapuí.

Maciço de Baturité, located 100 km from Fortaleza, is a remarkable humid forest oasis situated between 600 and 1,100 meters in altitude. This lush forest stands in stark contrast to the surrounding Caatinga vegetation, which dominates the lower elevations below 600 meters. Its distinct habitat serves as a critical refuge for numerous humid forest bird species, making it a key destination for birdwatchers in Ceará. Birding will take place around nearby towns, exploring private properties with well-maintained trails and roads that offer excellent opportunities to observe the region’s unique avifauna.

Serra de Baturité, also known as the Baturité Massif or Serra de Guaramiranga, is a birding hotspot located in north-central Ceará, spanning twelve municipalities, including Guaramiranga, Mulungu, and Pacoti. This region, which holds Ceará’s largest environmental protection area (32,690 hectares), boasts some of the highest rainfall in the state, creating distinct habitats. Birders can explore tropical cloud forests at higher elevations, Atlantic Forest remnants, and dry tropical woodlands at mid-altitudes, with caatinga shrublands dominating the lower regions. The diverse habitats attract a variety of endemic and migratory species, offering excellent opportunities to observe unique birdlife.

A standout species in this region is the critically endangered Grey-breasted Parakeet, one of the most threatened parrots in the world. Other notable birds include the Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrant, Ceara Woodcreeper, Ceara Gnateater, Ochraceous Piculet, Band-tailed Manakin, Guianan Tyrannulet, Gray-headed Spinetail and Gould’s Toucanet. Additionally, particular attention will be given to subspecies that may potentially be elevated to full species status in the future, such as the Ceara subspecies of the Variable Antshrike, Rufous-breasted [Ceara] Leaftosser and Red-necked Tanager.

The Baturité Porcupine native to the Maciço de Baturité region, is a unique species of porcupine that is adapted to arboreal life. This nocturnal mammal has a robust body covered in long, sharp quills, which serve as a defence mechanism against predators. Baturité Porcupines primarily feed on leaves, fruits, and bark, and are often found climbing trees in search of food. Their distinct appearance and specialized habitat make them an intriguing sight for wildlife enthusiasts. With a bit of luck, a sighting might be possible.

After an exhilarating day of birding, a return to the lodgings offers a chance to unwind and reflect on the day’s remarkable sightings. Gather around for a delicious dinner, where stories and highlights from the day’s adventures are shared, and the trip lists are updated with newly spotted species, before retreating to cozy accommodations for a restful night’s sleep.

Day 3: Guaramiranga – Quixadá.
The day begins with a delightful breakfast before heading out for morning birding in the scenic Guaramiranga area. After exploring the rich birdlife of this montane region, the journey continues with a 2-hour transfer, covering 110 kilometres, to Quixadá. In the afternoon, birding will resume, offering opportunities to discover the unique species that inhabit this semi-arid landscape, where the striking rock formations provide a dramatic backdrop to the birding experience.

Quixadá, a municipality in Ceará located about three hours from the capital, is renowned for its dramatic monoliths—impressive rock formations that rise from the surrounding landscape, creating a striking contrast with the otherwise open countryside. The hotel chosen for the stay is set away from the town, offering a serene environment where birding takes place around the hotel grounds. This setting provides excellent opportunities to observe local bird species in a unique and scenic backdrop, with the towering monoliths enhancing the birding experience in this remarkable region.

This area marks the beginning of an exploration into the unique Caatinga habitat, a dry and rugged region home to a variety of specialized bird species.

The Caatinga is a unique, dry forest and shrubland habitat found primarily in northeastern Brazil. Characterized by its semi-arid climate, it experiences long dry seasons and sparse rainfall. The vegetation is adapted to these harsh conditions, with many plants having thorns, small leaves, or thick bark to conserve water. Despite its tough environment, the Caatinga is rich in biodiversity, hosting many endemic species of birds, reptiles, and mammals that have evolved to thrive in this challenging ecosystem.

Notable birds in this environment include the Caatinga Parakeet, White-naped Jay, and the elusive Pygmy Nightjar. Other highlights are the Caatinga form of the Long-billed Wren, Pale Baywing, and Black-bellied Antwren. Birders can also look out for the Ochre-backed Woodpecker and Caatinga Cacholote. With some luck, the rare and endemic White-browed Guan may also be spotted, especially during the dry season when flocks gather at a nearby reservoir within the hotel grounds.

While birding today, there’s a chance to spot some fascinating mammals, such as the Brazilian White-eared Opossum and Southern Black-eared Opossum, both nocturnal marsupials known for their striking facial markings and adaptable nature. The elusive Baturité Porcupine, a rare find, could also be encountered.

The day concludes with a delightful dinner, featuring local flavors that celebrate the region’s culinary offerings. Afterward, a retreat to comfortable lodgings provides a well-deserved rest, ensuring a rejuvenated start for the next day’s exploration of the avian wonders that await.

Day 4: Quixadá – Barbalha – Potengi.
After breakfast in Quixadá, the journey continues to the foothills of the Chapada do Araripe plateau in Barbalha. This unique region is the only place in the world where the superb Araripe Manakin can be found. Rising dramatically amid the dry lowlands, the Chapada forms a natural boundary between the states of Pernambuco, Piauí, and Ceará. Its northeastern portion, facing Ceará, is home to numerous springs that create a lush oasis within the Caatinga. The Araripe Manakin, discovered in 1998, remains one of the most significant recent findings in ornithology. With a limited range of just 30 square kilometers, it is exclusively found in the humid forests along the Ceará side of the Chapada slope and is classified as Critically Endangered. Conservation efforts are underway, spearheaded by the Ceará NGO AQUASIS in collaboration with governmental and non-governmental organizations, aiming to safeguard this remarkable bird from extinction.

Potengi, a quaint town in the southern region of Ceará, lies within the Chapada do Araripe area and has recently gained attention on the birding scene. This newfound reputation is thanks to a dedicated birdwatcher and biologist who transformed his family property into a sanctuary for Caatinga birds, known as “Sítio Pau Preto.” Accommodations will be in a charming family-owned lodge, where the warm hospitality of the host and his family creates a welcoming atmosphere. Birdwatchers can explore the surrounding area in search of unique avian species native to this distinctive habitat. Photography enthusiasts will also appreciate the presence of feeders, offering excellent opportunities to capture images of the vibrant local birdlife.

The search continues for Caatinga specialties, including the White-throated Seedeater, Caatinga Antwren and White-browed Antpitta. Birders may also spot the Red-shouldered Spinetail, Great Xenops, and Scarlet-throated Tanager. Local subspecies, of the Stripe-backed Antbird, and Lesser and Greater Wagtail-Tyrant add to the region’s avian diversity. Don’t miss the feeders, which often attract colorful visitors like the Red-cowled Cardinal, Campo Troupial, Grey Pileated Finch and White-naped Jay. As the day draws to a close, the skies may reveal Least Nighthawks gracefully flying over the lodge, offering a fitting end to a day of birdwatching.

While birding, it’s important to keep an eye out for a variety of mammals that could make an appearance. The Six-banded Armadillo, with its distinctive armored shell. The agile Common Marmoset, a small primate, might be seen leaping through the trees in search of fruit. Also worth noting is Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy, a rodent that prefers rocky habitats. The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk, known for its bold stripes and defensive spray, while the elusive Jaguarundi, a small wild cat with a sleek, elongated body, may be glimpsed as it moves stealthily through dense vegetation.

With satisfied appetites and a sense of fulfillment from a day rich in birding experiences, it’s time to retreat for the evening.

Day 5: Pouso Alegre Lodge to Porto Jofre Lodge.
The morning excursion at Pouso Alegre will begin with a search for the Mato Grosso Antbird, Grey-crested Cachalote, Barred and Great Antshrike, Masked Gnatcatcher, White, Green-barred, Pale-crested and Lineated Woodpecker, Great Rufous Woodcreeper, Short-crested, Yellow-olive, Boat-billed, Fork-tailed, Vermillion and Rusty-margined Flycatcher, Blue-crowned Trogon, Rufous-browed Peppershrike, Ferruginous Pygmy Owl, Pearly-vented and Common Tody-Flycatcher and numerous other species.

After lunch, the journey continues to Porto Jofre, with a scenic drive along the middle section of the Transpantaneira road. Along the way, there will be opportunities to observe a variety of species, including Scarlet-headed Blackbird, Hyacinth Macaw, Maguari Stork, Sungrebe, Purple Gallinule, Southern Screamer, Blue-fronted Parrot , Campo Oriole, Greater and Rufous-fronted Thornbird, White Woodpecker, Chotoy Spinetail, American Pygmy Kingfisher,  Grey-crested Cacholote, Ashy-headed Greenlet, Black-tailed Tityra, Grassland Sparrow, Grey-breasted and Brown-chested Martin, Cattle Tyrant, Rusty-collared and Double-collared Seedeater, Sayaca, Hooded, Orange-headed and Grey-headed Tanager, Purple-throated Euphonia, Pale-legged Hornero, Yellowish Pipit, Chalk-browed Mockingbird, White-winged Piculet, Ruby-topaz Hummingbird, Glittering-throated Emerald, Buff-bellied Hermit and many more.

As the journey descends into the lush lower region of the Transpantaneira, the diversity of plant and animal life becomes more vibrant. The roadside ponds and streams often reveal herds of Capybaras, while Yacare Caimans bask in the water, offering an iconic glimpse of Pantanal wildlife. There may even be a chance to encounter some of the area’s extraordinary reptiles, such as the impressive Yellow Anaconda, adding to the excitement of this diverse ecosystem.

Arrival at the lodge is expected in the late afternoon, just in time to settle in and enjoy a delicious dinner. This will be the first of three relaxing nights in this comfortable accommodation, providing a perfect base for exploring the surrounding natural beauty and wildlife.

Day 5: Potengi – Canudos.
The morning begins with a delicious breakfast, fueling up for the birding adventures ahead. The journey continues with a morning birding session, followed by a transfer to Canudos in the state of Bahia, with a stop for lunch along the way—a drive of approximately 6.5 hours covering 470 kilometers. Upon arrival, there’s a chance to witness Blue-winged Macaws returning to their roosting site, a spectacle of color and flight. Alternatively, the surrounding Caatinga habitat near town offers a perfect opportunity to seek out species that may have been missed in previous days.

Located in the northern region of Bahia, near the borders of Pernambuco, Sergipe, and Alagoas, Canudos offers one of the most breathtaking landscapes for birdwatchers. The striking contrast between the deep red sand cliffs and the vibrant indigo blue of the Blue-winged Macaws creates a truly unforgettable spectacle. The haunting calls of the Macaws echoing across the rugged terrain only enhance the experience, making Canudos a remarkable destination for those seeking both visual and auditory wonders in their birding adventures.

A thrilling highlight of the journey is the encounter with the magnificent Lear’s Macaw, a species found exclusively in the northern region of Bahia. This vibrant parrot, with its striking blue plumage, is a rare and remarkable sight.

Nearly driven to extinction in the 1990s with only around 50 individuals remaining, the population has been gradually recovering. Current estimates from scientists suggest that more than 2,000 Lear’s Macaws now thrive in the wild, a remarkable comeback for this critically endangered species.

Alongside this main target, there are opportunities to spot other notable species, including the endemic race of the Blue-crowned Parakeet, Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle and King Vulture. Today’s birding possibilities also include sightings of Red-legged Seriema, Black-chested Buzzard Eagle, Caatinga Parakeet, Blue-winged Macaw, White-naped Jay, Caatinga Cacholote, Red-shouldered Spinetail, Pectoral Antwren, Broad-tipped Hermit, Ruby Topaz, and Stripe-breasted Starthroat.

Today offers the possibility of encountering several intriguing mammals. The Six-banded Armadillo, might be seen as it digs for insects and small invertebrates. The Rock Cavy, could also make an appearance, often seen sunbathing or foraging for plant matter. Additionally, the Crab-eating Fox, a versatile omnivore, may be observed as it roams across open areas, hunting for small prey or scavenging along the forest edges.

After an exhilarating day filled with remarkable birding experiences, the day winds down with a delightful dinner at the lodge, followed by a much-needed, restful night to recharge for the next adventure.

Day 6: Canudos – Chapada Diamantina.
Following breakfast, the morning will be dedicated to birding, offering a final opportunity to find any species that may have been missed.

Afterward, the journey continues with a transfer to Chapada Diamantina, a region renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and rich biodiversity. The destination is the charming town of Lençóis, nestled in the heart of the Chapada, where the group will settle after a scenic drive of approximately 8.5 hours (560 km). The area promises exciting new birding encounters amidst its unique terrain.

After settling in, the group will gather for a delightful dinner and an opportunity to update the ever-growing trip lists. A restful night awaits, with the excitement of another rewarding day of birding on the horizon.

Day 7: Chapada Diamantina (Lençóis).
The day begins with an early breakfast, followed by focused birding in the Chapada Diamantina area, with an emphasis on sites near Lençóis. The morning will be spent exploring a Campo Rupestre trail, located roughly half an hour from the hotel, offering chances to spot species adapted to these rocky highland environments. In the afternoon, attention shifts to birding in the surrounding humid forests, where the Cerradão vegetation blends with Atlantic Forest elements, providing a diverse habitat for a range of unique bird species.

Chapada Diamantina stands out as one of Brazil’s most breathtaking destinations, showcasing a stunning array of landscapes. This region is part of the Espinhaço mountain range, stretching from northern Minas Gerais through Bahia. It boasts a remarkable diversity of habitats, including Caatinga, Cerrado, Campo Rupestre (arid mountain shrubs), as well as humid and gallery forests, supporting nearly 400 bird species. Much of this unspoiled beauty is protected within Chapada Diamantina National Park, which covers an impressive 152,000 hectares. Renowned for its dramatic vistas, pristine environments, and cascading waterfalls, this park is a magnet for nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers alike.

In Chapada Diamantina, the primary targets include the Hooded Visorbearer, the Sincora Antwren, and the Diamantina Tapaculo, the latter two species having only been described in 2007. In addition to these highlights, the birding list is extensive and includes the Helmeted Manakin, Collared Crescentchest, Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, Orange-bellied Trogon, Rufous Nightjar, Black-throated Saltator, São Francisco Sparrow, Broad-tipped Hermit, Shrike-like Tanager, Rufous-sided Scrub Tyrant, East Brazilian Chachalaca, Rufous-winged Antshrike, Green-winged Saltator, Copper Seedeater, Gilt-edged Tanager, Grey-backed Tachuri, Serra Finch, and Horned Sungem, among others. This area also presents an excellent opportunity to seek out any Caatinga birds that may have been missed earlier in the journey.

Several fascinating mammal species may also be observed in this rich habitat. The Black-tufted Marmoset, with its distinctive tufted ears, often inhabits the treetops. The White-eared Opossum, recognizable by its unique coloration. The critically endangered Black-faced Lion Tamarin is another highlight for wildlife enthusiasts. The haunting calls of the Black Howler Monkey can often be heard echoing through the forest, while the South American Coati, with its elongated snout frequently forages in the underbrush.

After an exhilarating day filled with birdwatching, returning to the lodge offers a chance to unwind and savor a delightful dinner. The anticipation of the next day’s adventures provides a perfect backdrop for relaxation, recharging for another opportunity to explore the rich avifauna that awaits.

Day 8: Chapada Diamantina (Lençóis – Mucugê).
Following a hearty breakfast, a new day of birding unfolds in this remarkable region. The morning session involves birdwatching while traveling along a dirt road to Mucugê in Chapada Diamantina, covering approximately 130 kilometers over the course of four hours.

The second day of birding unfolds while venturing deeper into the national park, exploring various habitats leading to the charming town of Mucugê. This diverse landscape offers an exciting opportunity to encounter a range of avian species, with key targets including the Narrow-billed Antwren, São Francisco Sparrow, and the elusive Diamantina Tapaculo. Each environment presents a chance to appreciate the rich biodiversity of the region while searching for these sought-after birds.

During a day of birding, several intriguing mammals may be encountered, enhancing the wildlife experience. The Buff-headed Capuchin, is a striking primate known for its distinctive golden crown. The Nine-banded Armadillo, with its unique armored shell and nocturnal habits. Additionally, the Rock Cavy, a fascinating rodent adapted to rocky terrains, might be seen darting among boulders.

The afternoon will be dedicated to further exploration of the area’s unique avifauna, with the evening spent in the charming town of Mucugê, setting the stage for another exciting day ahead.

Day 9: Chapada Diamantina – Boa Nova.
After breakfast, the journey begins toward Boa Nova, covering approximately 420 kilometers over six hours. The route offers potential birding stops in the stunning Caatinga and Cerrado regions of Chapada Diamantina.

As the day concludes, a delightful dinner awaits, providing a chance to share stories and highlights from the day’s birding adventures before settling in for a restful night.

Day 10: Boa Nova.
An early breakfast sets the stage for a day of birdwatching in the Boa Nova area. The morning birding session offers a chance to explore the diverse habitats, where a variety of species can be spotted. After a midday break, the afternoon session resumes, providing more opportunities to observe and appreciate the rich avifauna that thrives in this captivating environment.

Nestled in the southwestern part of Bahia, Boa Nova is a renowned destination for birdwatchers, boasting a remarkable diversity of avifauna with over 430 species. The area features a blend of montane Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and a unique transitional habitat known as “mata-de-cipó” (Vine Forest). This rich variety of ecosystems supports numerous globally threatened species, prompting the Brazilian government to establish a network of protected areas, including the Boa Nova National Park and Wildlife Refuge, covering 13,000 and 15,000 hectares, respectively. A short 20-minute drive from the hotel leads to a natural hummingbird garden, where ground cacti bloom each afternoon, attracting a dazzling array of hummingbirds. This pristine area is now safeguarded by a dedicated couple of birders who continue to enhance the facilities, including hides and bird feeders, particularly for photographers. While no species are exclusive to this region, the opportunities for capturing stunning images of Hummingbirds, Caatinga birds, and other wildlife make the “Lajedo dos Beija-flores” a must-visit for bird enthusiasts and photographers alike.

One of the main highlights is the Slender Antbird, found exclusively in the “mata-de-cipó” vegetation, where the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant and Narrow-billed Antwren can also be encountered. In the Montane Atlantic Forest, birders will search for species such as the Bahia Spinetail, Striated Softtail, Rio de Janeiro Antbird, Crescent-chested Puffbird, Fork-tailed Tody-Tyrant, Black-billed Scythebill, Rufous-headed Tanager, East Brazilian Pygmy Owl, Pallid Spinetail, Pin-tailed Manakin, White-eyed Foliage-gleaner, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Scale-throated Hermit, Grey-hooded Attila, Gilt-edged Tanager, Ferruginous Antbird, and many others. Opportunities to spot the fantastic Giant Snipe also exist in this diverse habitat. In the hummingbird garden (Lajedo dos Beija-flores), seasonal visitors may see the Planalto Hermit, Sapphire-spangled Emerald, Stripe-breasted Starthroat, Ruby-Topaz Hummingbird, and Swallow-tailed Hummingbird, and among others. Highlights in Poções include the rare Wied’s Tyrant-Manakin, Greenish Schiffornis, White-bibbed Antbird, Blue Manakin, Scaled Woodcreeper and more, providing a rich and varied birdwatching experience. 

After an exhilarating day of birding, the evening meal offers a delightful opportunity to savor local cuisine while sharing stories and highlights from the day’s adventures. Following dinner, a restful night awaits in cozy accommodations.

Day 11: Boa Nova (Poções).
After a delightful breakfast, another exciting day of birding unfolds. The morning will be spent exploring the Poções area, known for its diverse avifauna and unique habitats. This region often yields remarkable sightings of both resident and migratory species. In the afternoon, birding shifts to the Boa Nova area, where the rich mix of montane Atlantic Forest and Caatinga offers even more opportunities to spot rare and endemic birds.

Potential mammal sightings in the area encompass a variety of fascinating species. The Black-fronted Titi Monkey, known for its striking appearance and social behavior. Capybaras, the world’s largest rodents, can frequently be seen lounging near water sources. The Southern Tamandua, with its distinctive long snout and prehensile tail, may be spotted foraging for ants and termites in the underbrush. Additionally, the South American Red Brocket, a small deer species, often inhabits the forest edges and is known for its elusive nature, making it a special find for wildlife enthusiasts.

After a rewarding day filled with avian discoveries, returning to the lodge for a hearty meal provides a chance to savor the day’s highlights while replenishing energy for the adventures that lie ahead. A restful night promises to rejuvenate for the next day’s exploration.

Day 12: Boa Nova – Itacaré.
Following breakfast, the journey continues toward Itacaré, a scenic coastal town located about 4 hours away, covering approximately 200 kilometers. The afternoon is dedicated to birding, exploring the region’s rich ecosystems that blend coastal forests and Atlantic Rainforest. This area is home to a variety of bird species, including colorful Tanagers, and elusive Antbirds. The mix of habitats, from lush forests to riverside areas, creates excellent opportunities for observing both forest-dwelling and water-loving birds as the day unfolds in this biodiverse region.

The South Coast region of Bahia is a hotspot for endemic and special bird species, offering vast expanses of lowland forest remnants, some protected by the Serra do Conduru State Park and others privately owned. Based in the popular tourist destination of Itacaré, renowned for its stunning forests, beaches, and waterfalls, excursions will lead to places like Maraú, north of Itacaré, in search of the rare and endemic Bahia Tapaculo. South of Itacaré lies the Serra do Conduru State Park, a remarkable area preserving over 9,000 hectares of Atlantic Forest. This park is one of the most biodiverse regions within the biome, boasting 458 tree species per hectare and a high rate of endemism. Its rich biodiversity also extends to the avifauna, making it an ideal location to observe Manakins and a variety of other fascinating bird species.

The region offers exciting opportunities for spotting a variety of interesting mammals. The Collared Peccary foraging for roots, fruits, and tubers in the forest undergrowth. The Six-banded Armadillo, known for its distinctive armor-like shell and unique banding pattern. The Black-eared Opossum, a nocturnal marsupial, is characterized by its large ears.  Additionally, the Agouti, a small rodent resembling a guinea pig, is often spotted nibbling on fallen fruits and seeds.

The return to the lodge is followed by a delicious dinner, providing a chance to unwind and reflect on the day’s experiences. Afterward, it’s time to settle in for a well-deserved night’s rest, recharging for the adventures ahead.

Day 13: Itacaré.
Following breakfast, the day unfolds with exciting birding sessions, exploring the rich habitats of Itacaré both in the morning and afternoon.

The main target in this area is the very rare and endangered Bahia Tapaculo. Other key species in the lowland Atlantic Forest include the White-crowned Manakin, Blue-backed Manakin, Kinglet Manakin, Black-cheeked Gnateater, Scaled Antbird, Cinereous-breasted Spinetail, Band-tailed Antwren, White-bellied Tanager, Opal-rumped Tanager, Great-billed Hermit, and the nominal race of White-fronted Nunbird, and many others.

Some of the fascinating mammals that could be encountered include the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin, a striking and endangered primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest; the Golden-bellied Capuchin, known for its intelligence and social behavior; and the Coastal black-handed Titi, a small, arboreal monkey with distinctive black hands and a unique call that echoes through the forest.

After a fulfilling day of spotting the region’s diverse birdlife, a delicious dinner awaits at the lodge, where the evening winds down before settling in for the night.

Day 14: Itacaré – Serra Bonita Reserve.
This morning features a delightful breakfast before setting out for the day’s adventures. The journey to Serra Bonita Reserve takes approximately 3½ hours (200 km), with an exciting stop along the way to search for the elusive Pink-legged Graveteiro.

The Pink-legged Graveteiro is a bird species belonging to the Furnariidae family, exclusively found in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, particularly flourishing in cocoa plantations. This fascinating bird often hangs upside down beneath the tree canopies, skillfully maneuvering through the foliage in search of its next meal.

Upon reaching the town of Camacan, the adventure continues with a rugged ascent to the reserve in 4×4 vehicles. The afternoon promises rewarding birding opportunities in this remarkable area, renowned for its biodiversity and scenic beauty.

The Serra Bonita Reserve stands as a groundbreaking private conservation initiative dedicated to safeguarding the sub-montane forest of Southern Bahia. Founded by Vitor Becker and Clemira, who committed their post-retirement lives to the preservation of this vital forest fragment, the reserve aims to protect the region’s Atlantic Forest through collaboration with multiple rural property owners, all of whom host private reserves (RPPNs). Collectively, these efforts encompass over 2,500 hectares of protected land. The management of these RPPNs is entrusted to Instituto Uiraçu, which collaborates with property owners to ensure their conservation. Beyond managing these private reserves, the Institute seeks to expand protection across the entire Serra Bonita Mountain Range, one of the last remnants of sub-montane forest in the region, covering approximately 7,500 hectares at altitudes ranging from 200 to 1,000 meters in the municipalities of Camacan and Pau Brasil. Accommodations are available in the highlands of the reserve, where Vitor and Clemira provide warm hospitality, complemented by the opportunity to enjoy the renowned Serra Bonita Caipirinhas. Near the headquarters, hummingbird and tanager feeders attract vibrant avian visitors, enhancing the overall experience.

The highlands offer exciting birding opportunities, with key targets including the Plumbeous Antvireo, Bahia Tyrannulet, Salvadori’s Antwren, Lemon-chested Greenlet, Sharpbill, Greater Crescent-chested Puffbird, and the rare Atlantic race of the Rufous-brown Solitaire. Also sought after are the Sombre Hummingbird, Blue Manakin, Spot-backed Antshrike, and Spot-billed Toucanet, among others. In the event of encountering a large mixed flock, there’s a chance to spot the elusive Bahia Treehunter, which awaits formal description.

At the feeders, vibrant sightings may include the Green-headed, Golden-chevroned, and Azure-shouldered Tanagers, and Maroon-bellied Parakeet, with occasional visits from the Spot-billed Toucanet. On the departure day from the reserve, birding in the lowlands will focus on finding the White-eared, Ochre-marked, and Golden-capped Parakeets, Kinglet Manakin, as well as the Black-necked Aracari, the Atlantic race of the Thrush-like Wren, Yellow-rumped and Red-rumped Caciques, Chestnut-backed Antshrike, and Yellow-fronted Woodpecker. Recent years have brought rare sightings of the stunning Banded Cotinga, attracted to ripe Açai Palm berries near the property headquarters. With a bit of luck, there’s also a chance to encounter the unique Pink-legged Graveteiro.

After an exhilarating day of birdwatching, the evening brings a delightful dinner, providing an opportunity to reflect on the day’s highlights and share stories. Following this enjoyable meal, a restful retreat to cozy rooms awaits, ensuring a rejuvenating night’s sleep in preparation for another day of avian exploration.

Day 15: Serra Bonita Reserve.
The day promises rich birding opportunities, with morning and afternoon sessions dedicated to exploring the diverse habitats of Serra Bonita Reserve. The reserve’s mix of Atlantic Forest and sub-montane environments offers the chance to spot an array of endemic and rare species. The morning may bring sightings of sought-after species in the highlands, while the afternoon’s birding deepens the experience, with potential encounters in both forested and open areas. Each session holds the possibility of adding new and exciting species to the day’s growing list.

This unique habitat is home to several threatened species, many of which are now protected within its borders. Among the critically endangered inhabitants are the Buff-headed Capuchin, known for its distinctive golden-brown head, and the stunningly vibrant Banded Cotinga. The rare Natterer’s Longwing butterfly, with its striking patterns, also finds refuge here. Endangered species include the Bahia Tyrannulet, a small, elusive bird, and the Buff-throated Purpletuft, notable for its iridescent plumage. Other notable wildlife includes the vulnerable White-lipped Peccary, a forest-dwelling wild pig, and the near-threatened Margay, a graceful, nocturnal wild cat.

Following an exhilarating day of birding in the reserve, the evening offers the perfect chance to unwind with a delightful dinner back at the lodge. The day’s discoveries and sightings will certainly make for lively conversation, before settling in for a well-deserved rest in preparation for the adventures yet to come.

Day 16: Serra Bonita Reserve – Porto Seguro.
After a scrumptious breakfast, the morning will be spent birding in the rich lowlands of Serra Bonita Reserve, where the diversity of species offers exceptional opportunities for birdwatchers. After a rewarding session, the journey continues with a transfer to Porto Seguro, a scenic drive of approximately 3 hours (200 km). Upon arrival, the afternoon promises more birding adventures, exploring the vibrant habitats in and around Porto Seguro.

Porto Seguro, one of the most famous beaches along Bahia’s southern coast, is a major tourist destination in Brazil, so it’s common to see bustling streets. However, birders won’t be impacted by the potential crowds, as the focus will be on exploring the Veracel Reserve, located just 30 km from the hotel. This private reserve safeguards nearly 7,000 hectares of a rare type of Lowland Atlantic Forest known as “Mata de Tabuleiro,” which shares many fauna and flora characteristics with the Amazon. In certain parts of the forest, the calls of Screaming Pihas and towering trees evoke the atmosphere of birding in the Amazon itself.

The main birding targets in this area include the Red-browed Parrot, Ochre-marked Parakeet, Bahia Antwren, Band-tailed Antwren, Sooretama Slaty Antshrike, Hooked-billed Hermit, Black-headed Berryeater, and the striking White-winged Cotinga, with extra chances for the elusive Banded Cotinga. Additionally, several species are already recognized on the Brazilian list and may soon be split into separate species internationally, such as the Blue-headed Parrot, Opal-rumped Tanager, Ringed Woodpecker, Golden-spangled Piculet, Brown-winged Schiffornis and Wedge-billed Woodcreeper. Night birding offers the opportunity to search for elusive species like the Tawny-browed Owl, Black-capped Screech Owl, and with some luck, the rare White-winged Potoo, which is seldom seen in the Atlantic Forest.

After an exhilarating day of birding, the journey back to the lodge offers a chance to reflect on the incredible sightings and experiences. A delicious dinner awaits, featuring local flavors and dishes that provide a fitting end to the day. Following this satisfying meal, the peaceful ambiance of the lodge invites a restful night.

Day 17: Porto Seguro.
The day begins with an early breakfast, fueling up for the day. Soon after, it’s time to venture out, ready to embrace another exciting birding journey.

Morning and afternoon birding in Porto Seguro will take place in the Veracel Reserve which ranks among the top 20 protected areas in the world for its remarkable density of individual trees and incredible diversity of tree species. Recognized as a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA), it plays a critical role in safeguarding numerous fauna species that are globally threatened with extinction. Additionally, the reserve has earned distinction as an Important Bird Area (IBA) due to its hosting of vital populations of bird species facing global extinction. This makes it a key site for birders seeking to observe and contribute to the conservation of some of the world’s most endangered avifauna.

Several captivating mammal species inhabit the area. The Brown Brocket is a small deer known for its elusive nature. The Margay is a stunning and agile feline, although its solitary habits can make it challenging to spot. Geoffroy’s Marmoset foraging for insects and fruits among the branches. The Paca, a large rodent with a distinctive spotted coat, is frequently seen near water sources, particularly at dusk. Lastly, the Thin-spined Porcupine, known for its unique quills, tends to be nocturnal.

The final full day of birding culminates with a return to the lodge, where the day’s exciting sightings can be shared over a delightful last dinner. This evening provides the perfect opportunity to update the trip list, reflecting on the remarkable species encountered throughout the journey. Afterward, a well-deserved rest awaits, allowing for a peaceful night’s sleep before the journey home.

Day 18: Departure.
Following breakfast, the day begins with an opportunity for morning birding, time permitting. This final session offers a chance to spot any last-minute species before departures.

As the journey comes to a close, the memories of the diverse birdlife and stunning landscapes encountered will linger, creating lasting impressions of this remarkable experience.